Be a good host to your garden visitors

That little bee visiting a sunflower could probably use a drink of water, too. (Photos: Kathy Morrison)

Ways to be hospitable beyond planting pollinators' favorite flowers

By Katthy Morrison

You've been trying to choose plants that bring bees and other pollinators to your garden. (See our May 23 post. ) Good. Now, focus on what they need to stick around.

-- Water.

-- Places to sleep or nest.

-- Food for caterpillars, the next generation of butterflies.

Water

Bees need water as much as they need flowers. I've been reading up on water sources, and discovered bees need a dry spot to land on while they drink. The first idea I found -- a pan filled with marbles or rocks that stuck up above the water level -- turned out to be impractical in Sacramento summer weather. The rocks got hot and heated the water, which then evaporated quickly.

I have a 5-gallon bucket of water with corks (and a touch of chlorine beach) for a bee watering hole. Important: Don't use a deep bucket if you have small children, who could be attracted to the corks and fall in. And keep any filled water source out of the reach of children. (I chose the tall bucket so my cat wouldn't use it -- she has her own water bowl.)

The latest one I've discovered seems practical and easy to do: Fill a bucket, trough or shallow bird bath with water and float a number of wine corks in it. The corks move just a little, preventing mosquitos from laying eggs in the water. They also bob above the water, allowing the bees to drink without getting wet. One beekeeper I read recommends adding 1 teaspoon of chlorine bleach, when first creating the water source, to the bucket so the bees can smell their way to the site. After that, they'll know how to find it and you can skip the bleach subsequently.

Of course a little fountain with dribbling water is a welcome spot for birds and other insects, as well as bees, if you have the space and the cash.

Places to sleep or nest

Most bees in California are not as social as the imported honey bee and the native bumblebees. These "solitary" native bees include mason bees, leafcutter bees, carpenter bees and sweat bees. Many species dig tunnels in the ground to build their nests; others find holes and cracks to nest in. So leave some soil bare to encourage ground-nesting bees -- you don't have to cover every inch of garden with mulch.

A mason bee "hotel" can be used by other cavity-nesting species, too. It's made from paper straws or hollow plant stems, up to 1/2 inch in diameter. Tubes can also be made from rolled parchment (baking) paper. They should be at least 4 inches long, but no longer than 8 inches. Places the tubes in a sturdy frame with a back on it -- even a clean coffee can will work. Hang it facing east, in a somewhat protected spot where it won't swing in the wind. Replace the tubes each year in winter before nesting season starts again.

Food for caterpillars

Caterpillars chew leaves. It's a hard, cold fact that if you want butterflies, you have to grow the native plants their offspring will eat -- and then let them eat the plants. No pesticides, please! Chewed leaves on your native plants mean you have life out there, so stop worrying about "perfect" plants and enjoy the living world.

Calscape.org has recently added a great feature to its plant database site: A search function for native butterflies' host plants in your or any Californian's location. Enter "Sacramento" in the address finder,  for example, and up pops a list (with photos) of 85 native butterfly and moth species. Click on any one of those -- let's try the western tiger swallowtail -- and you get a list of 16 likely host plants for it that are native to Sacramento. Valley oaks ( Quercus lobata ), interior live oaks ( Quercus wislizeni ) and several willows are among them.  Natives for natives!