Sacramento fall leaf season looks spectacular; enjoy it while you can
Gingko trees add vibrant splashes of yellow-gold leaves to the Sacramento area's show of fall color. Other street trees add red, orange and crimson. Kathy Morrison
Following sunny and warm days, recent overnight lows in the 40s (and longer nights) have brought out rich rainbow hues of yellow, orange and red. Those pigments are revealed when more darkness and chilly temperatures “turn off” the green chlorophyll in leaves, and the other colors can shine through. With fewer hours of daylight, foliage stops producing chlorophyll and the green pigment disappears.
According to the U.S. Forest Service, the major influencer on autumn color is that growing darkness.
“As days grow shorter, and nights grow longer and cooler, biochemical processes in the leaf begin to paint the landscape with Nature’s autumn palette,” says the forest service, an expert on colorful fall foliage.
Carotenoids (as in carrots) give leaves yellow, orange and brown hues. Anthocyanin, which is stimulated by bright fall light and excess sugars in leaves, is responsible for the reds as well as any bluish or purple tones.
“During the growing season, chlorophyll is continually being produced and broken down and leaves appear green,” the forest service explains. “As night length increases in the autumn, chlorophyll production slows down and then stops and eventually all the chlorophyll is destroyed. The carotenoids and anthocyanin that are present in the leaf are then unmasked and show their colors.”
Some trees are particularly known for their fall display. Maples, for example, reveal their variety by their autumn foliage. Red maples live up to their name with scarlet leaves. Sugar maples become bright orange-red. Black maples turn glowing yellow.
Oaks tend to turn red or russet but some species – such as black oaks – go gold. (And live oaks stay evergreen.) Oaks also tend to hold onto their colorful leaves long after other species have dropped their foliage.
With mature urban forest, Sacramento’s older neighborhoods boast the best color. Look for the gingkos, Chinese pistaches, scarlet maples and liquidambar trees in Land Park, Midtown and East Sacramento. Carmichael, Fair Oaks and Greenhaven also have many brilliant maples, crape myrtles, flowering pears and other autumn stars.
Recent weather boosted Sacramento’s color show.
“A succession of warm, sunny days and cool, crisp but not freezing nights seems to bring about the most spectacular color displays,” says the forest service. “During these days, lots of sugars are produced in the leaf but the cool nights and the gradual closing of veins going into the leaf prevent these sugars from moving out. These conditions – lots of sugar and light – spur production of the brilliant anthocyanin pigments, which tint reds, purples, and crimson. Because carotenoids are always present in leaves, the yellow and gold colors remain fairly constant from year to year.”
Enjoy that color show while you can. By the end of next week, those pretty leaves may be only a memory (or mulch).
According to the National Weather Service, a storm front is expected to hit Sacramento on Tuesday. The combination of wind and rain (possibly an inch) will likely knock down most of that foliage. Our attention will turn from admiring all those leaves to raking them up instead.
So snap your leaf photos now. As the forest service says, “The countless combinations of ... highly variable factors assure that no two autumns can be exactly alike.”
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Food in My Back Yard Series
May 13: Your plants can tell you more than any calendar can
May 6: Maintain soil moisture with mulch for garden success
April 29: What's (already) wrong with my tomato plants?
April 22: Should you stock up on fertilizer? (Yes!)
April 15: Grow culinary herbs in containers
April 8: When to plant summer vegetables
April 1: Don't be fooled by these garden myths
March 25: Fertilizer tips: How to 'feed' your vegetables for healthy growth
March 18: Time to give vegetable seedlings some more space
March 11: Ways to win the fight against weeds
March 4: Potatoes from the garden
Feb. 25: Plant a fruit tree now -- for later
Feb. 18: How to squeeze more food into less space
Feb. 11: When to plant? Consider staggering your transplants
Feb. 4: Starting in seed starting
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Garden Checklist for week of May 11
Make the most of the lower temperatures early in the week. We’ll be back in the 80s by Thursday.
* Plant, plant, plant! It’s prime planting season in the Sacramento area. Time to set out those tomato transplants along with peppers and eggplants. Pinch off any flowers on new transplants to make them concentrate on establishing roots instead of setting premature fruit.
* Direct-seed melons, cucumbers, summer squash, corn, radishes, pumpkins and annual herbs such as basil.
* Harvest cabbage, lettuce, peas and green onions.
* In the flower garden, direct-seed sunflowers, cosmos, salvia, zinnias, marigolds, celosia and asters. (You also can transplant seedlings for many of the same flowers.)
* Plant dahlia tubers.
* Transplant petunias, marigolds and perennial flowers such as astilbe, columbine, coneflowers, coreopsis, dahlias, rudbeckia and verbena.
* Keep an eye out for slugs, snails, earwigs and aphids that want to dine on tender new growth.
* Feed summer bloomers with a balanced fertilizer.
* For continued bloom, cut off spent flowers on roses as well as other flowering plants.
* Add mulch to the garden to maintain moisture. Mulch also cuts down on weeds. But don’t let it mound around the stems or trunks of trees or shrubs. Leave about a 6-inch-to-1-foot circle to avoid crown rot or other problems.
* Remember to weed! Pull those nasties before they set seed.
* Water early in the day and keep seedlings evenly moist.